George Boeree | “foreign” words

• Autor: George Boeree (“cgboeree”)
• Tema: “foreign” words
• Data: 2008-06-18 14:05
• Mesaje: 2796 (presedente, seguente)

Below is a list of words in English from various languages. I would
like to add at least some of these to our dictionary. Please look
them over and give me your opinions. Also, these are in English. If
you know other words that have become common world-wide that should
be added to our dictionary, please tell me!

Best wishes,

George

african

*cola - from west african languages (temne kola, mandinka kolo)
*dengue - disease, possibly from swahili dinga
*kalimba
*kwashiorkor - from ga language, coastal ghana meaning "swollen stomach"
*impala - from zulu im-pala
*okapi - from a language in the congo
*tsetse - from a bantu language (tswana tsetse, luhya tsiisi)
*zombie - central african (kikongo zumbi, kimbundu nzambi)
*gnu - ultimately from bantu, possibly from xhosa.

dutch

*polder
*scone
*sloop
* waffle = wafel

africaans

*meerkat
*springbok
*hartebeest
*wildebeest

german

*doppelgänger - a ghostly counterpart of a living person
*fraktur - a typeface style resembling blackletter
*gestalt
*poltergeist - a noisy usually mischievous ghost held to be
responsible for unexplained noises
*realpolitik - politics based on practical and material factors
rather than on theoretical or ethical objectives
*sauerkraut - sour cabbage
*schadenfreude - enjoyment obtained from the troubles of others
*umlaut
*blitzkrieg - lightning war
*weltanschauung - a comprehensive conception or apprehension of the
world especially from a specific standpoint
*weltschmerz  - lit. "world-pain"; mental depression or apathy caused
by comparison of the actual state of the world with an ideal state
*zeitgeist - "spirit of the times"

hungarian

*czardas - from csárdás, a folk dance. csárda also means
‘tavern’.
*goulash  - from gulyás

celtic

*banshee - from irish bean sídhe, "woman of fairyland"
*leprechaun - elf, sprite (from leipreachán, from lu 'small' and corp
'body') (oed).
*shamrock - from seamróg ('trefoil'), a clover, used as a symbol for
ireland (oed).
*ptarmigan - tarmachan
*beltane - bealtainn or in irish gaelic 'bealtaine' (may, the month of)
*samhain - the gaelic word for november; refers to a pagan holiday
*tweedcloth
*dolmen

scandinavian

*aquavit
*kraken - giant octopus, or giant squid
*krill - small shrimp-like animal
*lemming - lemen, a rodent species
*lutefisk - fish course made from dried fish and lut (lye)
*slalom
*telemark - a type of ski turn or style of skiing
*lingonberry - from lingon
*smorgasbord
*ragnarok - twilight of the gods
*saga
*troll
*thrall

finnish

*sauna

polish

*babka - easter cake, a leavened coffee or rum cake
*mazurka - a polish dance
*pierogi - a semicircular dumpling
*zloty - polish currency

czech

*pils, pilsner, pilsener - from plzeň, a czech city
*polka - from polák or polský, a czech dance

russian

*balalaika
*bistro
*gulag
*kozachok - kicking dance
*matryoshka - russian nested doll
*pogrom
*samovar
*steppe
*taiga
*blintz - a crepe, that usually filled with cottage cheese, then
folded and sauteed or baked
*borshch - a beet soup served hot or cold
*pavlova - a meringue dessert
*pirogi - dough dumpling stuffed with filling such as potato or cheese
*bolshevik
*glasnost
*soviet - council
*tsar
*kurgan

ukrainian

*dobro - resonator guitar
*bandura - a stringed instrument
*kubasa, kolbassa - garlic sausage
*paska - a decorated easter bread

spanish

*alpaca
*ancho - from mexican spanish (chile) ancho, "wide (chili)"
*bandolier - from spanish bandolera, ="band (for a weapon or other)
that crosses from one shoulder to the opposite hip"
*barbecue - from the chibcha word barbacoa
*bolero
*burrito
*cedilla
*chaps - from mexican spanish chaparreras , leg protectors for riding
through chaparral
*chicle - from chicle, from nahuatl tzictli
*chile - from spanish chile, from nahuatl chilli
*chipotle - from spanish, smoked jalapeño, from nahuatl chilpoctli
*condor - from spanish, from quechua cuntur
*corral - from corral
*cumbia - from spanish cumbia , a popular dance (for couples)
originating in colombia, panamá and argentina
*daiquiri - from daiquiri, a port city in eastern cuba
*fajita - from fajita, diminutive of faja, sash
*fandango - from fandango
*flamenco - (dance) from flamenco , flemish / from flanders
*guacamole - from spanish, from nahuatl ahuacatl then spanish
aguacate (="avocado") and mole (="mash")
*jalapeño - from spanish, a type of spicy chilli named after jalapa
de enríquez, a town in mexico
*jerky - from spanish charqui, from quechua ch'arki, ="dried flesh"
*junta or junto -  from spanish junta, a group of leaders, usually
military officers in a coup d'état.
*lasso - from spanish lazo
*mescal - from spanish mezcal, from nahuatl mexcalli
*mesquite - from mexican spanish mezquite, from nahuatl mizquitl
*peyote - from spanish, from nahuatl peyotl (="caterpillar")
*piña colada
*puma - from spanish, from quechua
*quesadilla - from quesadilla , diminutive of "queso" = cheese
*renegade - from renegado
*rodeo - from rodeo and verb rodear (to go around)
*rumba - from rumba
*saguaro - from saguaro
*saraband
*sombrero
*taco
*tamale
*tequila
*tortilla

portuguese

*albino - from albino
*auto-da-fé - a judicial ‘act’ or sentence of the inquisition
*bossa_nova
*caste - from casta
*fetish
*lambada
*molasses
*mulatto
*piranha
*tapioca

italian

*cameo
*chiaroscuro - (italian for clear-dark)
*facade - from french façade, from italian facciata, from faccia face
*gesso - from gesso, ="chalk"
*graffiti - from graffiti, plural of graffito
*impasto - from impasto, ="dough, paste"
*intaglio - from intaglio, ="cutting, engraving"
*intarsia - from intarsio, ="inlaying, marquetry"
*mezzotint - from mezzo, ="half", and tinto, ="dyed, stained"
*millefiori - from millefiori
*pastel - from pastello
*pasticcio - from pasticcio, "pastiche"
*pilaster - from pilastro
*portico - from portico
*rotunda - from rotonda
*sepia - from seppia, ="cuttlefish"
*sienna - from the town of siena, italy
*stucco - from stucco
*tempera - from tempera
*terra-cotta - from terra cotta, literally, "baked or cooked earth"
*umber - from umbria, a region in italy
*cappuccino
*espresso
*fettuccine - plural of fettuccina
*focaccia
*gelato
*lasagne
*linguine - plural of linguina
*maraschino
*marinara
*parmesan
*ravioli - plural of raviolo
*salami - plural of salame
*tiramisù
*tortellini - plural of tortellino ="little cake"
*vermicelli - plural of vermicello ="little worm"
*zabaglione, zabaione (actual italian form)
*sonnet - from sonetto
*fugue  - from fuga
*piccolo
*rondo - rondeau
*sinfonia - symphony"
*sonata
*gondola
*mafia
*paparazzo - from paparazzi
*taffeta - from taffettà
*tarot - from tarocchi
*trampoline - from trampolino
*vendetta - from vendetta, ="vengeance"

tagalog

*yo-yo

malay/indonesian

*amok
*gecko
*gingham
*komodo
*kris - wave-shaped knife
*proa (prahu) - malaysian/indonesian sailing boat
*rattan
*satay
*gamelan
*junk - southeast asian ship
*paddy - rice field

hawaiian

*hula
*kava - Piper methysticum
*kukui - candlenut tree
*lei
*luau
*mahi-mahi - dolphin fish
*poi

maori

*moa (bird
*tuatara (lizard)

hebrew

*cabal
*cherub
*eden
*golem
*kasher
*leviathan
*messiah
*schwa
*shekel
*sodomy

yiddish

*latke
*yarmulke

india

*ahimsa
*asana - yoga postures
*avatar
*cashmere - from kashmir
*chakra
*cheetah
*cowrie - kauri
*dharma
*ghee
*guru
*jute
*karma
*mandala
*mantra
*nirvana
*parcheesi -  pachisi
*pipal - tree
*punch - mixed drink
*raga - music
*rupee
*samsara
*sangha
*sari
*sikh
*jain
*sutra
*suttee
*swami
*swastika
*tantra
*veda - hindu scriptures
*vina - instrument
*curry
*pariah
*teak
*tourmaline

persian

*avesta - zoroastrian scriptures
*burka
*caftan
*caravan
*chador - large head-covering for women
*dervish - < darvish
*ghee
*kaftan
*manichean
*manticore - imaginary beast
*mithraism
*nay - end-blown flute
*seersucker - sirsakar
*shah
*shawl
*tambourine

arabic

*genie - jini
*henna - hinna
*kohl - cosmetic
*loofah - from the egyptian arabic word lūfa.
*macrame - -miqrama, embroidered veil
*mocha
*mohair
*qat / khat
*roc - (mythology), a mythical giant bird
*talc

turkic

*baklava
*balaclava - knitted hood
*balalaika
*bouzouki - string instrument
*janissary - < yeniceri)
*khan
*odalisque - virgin in harem
*shish kebab
*yurt - dwelling
*pastrami -  a type of cured meat

chinese

*xiangqi (xangtxi) - chinese chess
*kuai - chopsticks
*bok choy - (cantonese)
*chop suey - from cantonese  (tzapseui), lit. mixed pieces
*chow mein - from taishanese  (chau meing)
*dim sum - from cantonese  (dimsam)
*ketchup - possibly from cantonese or amoy , lit. tomato sauce/juice
*kung fu - the english term to collectively describe chinese martial
arts; from cantonese  (gongfu), lit. efforts
*lo mein - from cantonese  (lòu-mihn), lit. scooped noodle
*lychee - from cantonese  (laitzi), name of the fruit
*mahjong - from cantonese  (mah-jeung), lit. the mahjong game
*mu shu - (pork) from mandarin  (mùxū), lit. wood shredded
*oolong - oolong , lit. dark dragon
*pekoe - from amoy , lit. white downy hair
*chi, qi - from mandarin  (qì), spirit
*sampan - from cantonese , the name of such vessel.
*tai chi - from mandarin
*tangram - from chinese tang + english gram
*wok - from cantonese
*won ton - from cantonese , lit. 'cloud swallow' as a description of
its shape, similar to mandarin

japanese

*tofu - japanese , lit. bean rot. from chinese  (mandarin dòufu).
*zen - japanese = from chinese  (mandarin chán), originally from
sanskrit
*dhyāna / pali jhāna.
*koan - japanese  kōan, from chinese  (mandarin gōng'àn), lit.
public record
*go from the japanese name igo  of the chinese board game. chinese
mandarin: weiqi.
*kanji japanese name for chinese characters: , lit. chinese
characters. chinese: hanzi.
*anime
*bonsai
*haiku
*kabuki
*karaoke
*koto
*manga
*netsuke - carved obi toggle
*noh
*origami
*shakuhachi - flute)
*shamisen - string instrument, plucked
*aikido
*harakiri
*judo
*jujutsu
*karate
*katana - longsword
*ninja
*nunchaku
*samurai
*sumo
*hiragana
*kanji
*katakana
*romaji
*fusuma - sliding room dividers
*futon
*shoji - rice paper screen
*tatami - woven straw flooring
*kimono
*obi
*fugu - pufferfish
*hibachi
*sake
*sashimi - thinly sliced raw fish
*shiitake mushroom
*sukiyaki - a japanese beef stew
*sushi
*tempura
*teriyaki
*umami
*wasabi - japanese horseradish
*shogun
*satori
*shinto
*tori  - gates to shinto shrines
*geisha
*kudzu - vine
*pachinko
*rickshaw
*shiatsu - japanese massage
*shogi - japanese form of chess
*sudoku - number puzzle
!
      *-----------------------------

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